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Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The GK1.5 antibody reacts with mouse CD4, a 55 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, certain mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The A7R34 antibody is specific for mouse CD127, a 60-90 kDa cell surface protein also known as the Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha chain, or IL-7R alpha. CD127 is typically expressed at the cell surface as a heterodimer with the common gamma chain (CD132). This complex acts as the functional receptor for IL-7, a cytokine important in T and B cell development, and in mature T cell homeostasis. A second cytokine known as Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) also binds to a receptor complex of CD127 and the TSLPR chain to trigger activation of dendritic cells, and is involved in B cell development, allergy and autoimmunity.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The HI100 antibody reacts with the human CD45 isoform known as CD45RA, a protein tyrosine phosphatase of 220 kDa. CD45 is one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers, and is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). Various isoforms are generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns. With their broad cell distribution, CD45 isoforms are critical for many leukocyte functions, regulating signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and IL-2 receptor. Other forms of CD45, with restricted cellular expression, include CD45R (B220), CD45RB and CD45RO.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The RPA-T8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The AFS98 antibody is specific for mouse CD115, also known as Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R), a 145 kDa receptor from the PDGF receptor family. Receptor activation by the ligands IL-34 or CSF-1 (M-CSF) occurs via homodimerization of CD115 and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of intracellular domains. CD115 signaling promotes differentiation of myeloid precursors, as well as the continued regulation of proliferation, survival and function of mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells and osteoclasts. While IL-34 and CSF-1 may induce similar cellular responses, they are differentially expressed and as such exert complimentary actions via CD115.

Catalog Number: (10050-610)

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The C1.18.4 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The C.1.18.4 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for mouse IgG2a antibodies.

Catalog Number: (10050-606)

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The 2A3 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The 2A3 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for rat IgG2a antibodies.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The ACK2 antibody is specific for CD117, also called c-Kit, a 145 kDa cytokine receptor important in the development of hematopoietic stem cells, in oogenesis, and for functional activity of immune cells such as NK and mast cells. c-Kit binds to a ligand known as stem cell factor (SCF), or alternatively as mast cell growth factor. Ligand binding promotes the activation (dimerization) and subsequent tyrosine kinase activity of the c-Kit receptor and triggers key survival, expansion and maturation signals during hematopoietic progenitor cell development. Conversely, shedding of extracellular domain of c-Kit receptor is reported to induce inactivation or apoptosis within these cells. The survival signaling activity of c-Kit confers a proto-oncogenic attribute to the receptor, as overexpression or mutations in this protein are associated with tumor development.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The N418 antibody reacts with mouse CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor complex known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The PK136 antibody is specific for mouse NK1.1, a type II transmembrane lectin-like receptor and member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family. NK1.1 is prominently expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, and is correlated with NK cytotoxic effects toward virus-infected cells and tumor cells. NK1.1 is expressed on subsets of NKT cells in certain mouse strains (C57BL/6, FVB/N, and NZB), yet absent from others (AKR, BALB/c, CBA/J, C3H, DBA/1, DBA/2, NOD, SJL, and 129). Putative subsets of NK cells and their expression of NK1.1 antigen are of continuing interest, including NK1.1+/CD117+ (c-Kit) cells reported to be immunosuppressive for CD8+ T cells in a mechanism involving PD-1 and PD-L1 (Ehlers et al. 2012. Endocrinology. 10: 1247).

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The JES6-5H4 antibody binds to mouse Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a 17 kDa cytokine that is secreted by activated T cells. This cytokine acts as an autocrine stimulatory factor for T cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, as well as being an effective activator of B cells and inducer of NK cell cytotoxic functions. IL-2 plays a key modulatory role in the differentiation of T cells toward either Th17 or T regulatory (Treg) cell types and is important for Treg cell function. The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a complex consisting of an IL-2R alpha chain (CD25), along with the IL-2R beta chain (CD122) and the common gamma chain (CD132). IL-2 may also bind with low affinity to the T cell surface protein CD25 alone, although this interaction does not induce cell signaling.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The UCHT1 antibody is specific for human CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. These interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation), inducing cell proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

Catalog Number: (10050-988)

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The MPC-11 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The MPC-11 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for mouse IgG2b antibodies.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The GL-1 antibody reacts with mouse CD86, also known as B7-2, an 80 kDa cell surface protein which is a ligand for CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 can also bind a second B7 ligand known as CD80 (B7-1). Both CD80 and CD86 are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. 

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The M5/114.15.2 antibody reacts with mouse MHC Class II alloantigens I-Ab, I-Ad, I-Aq, I-Ed, and I-Ek, as well as being cross-reactive with mouse cells of H-2p and H-2r haplotype. MHC Class II is widely expressed by mouse immune cells bearing these alloantigens, including T and B cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. The antibody does not react with the following alloantigens: I-Af, I-Ak, I-As, or NOD H-2g7.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The UC10-4F10-11 antibody is specific for mouse CD152, commonly known as CTLA-4, a 33-37 kDa protein expressed as a homodimer on the surface of activated T and B cells, and on thymocytes. CTLA-4 is structurally similar, yet functionally disparate, to the T cell co-stimulatory molecule CD28. Both CTLA-4 and CD28 interact with the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on antigen-presenting cells, with CTLA-4 displaying a higher avidity than CD28. While CD28 typically delivers a potent co-stimulatory signal in support of T cell activation, CTLA-4 appears to act as a negative regulator of T cell activation and may contribute to the suppressor function of Treg cells.