You Searched For: ADIPOGEN CORP MS

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: DLL3 (Delta-like protein 3; Delta3) inhibits primary neurogenesis. It plays a role in the formation of somite boundaries during segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm. DLL3 binds and activates Notch-1. Defects in DLL3 are the cause of spondylocostal dysostosis type 1 (SCDO1).

Catalog Number: (102978-610)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Recombinant human soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) is the naturally occurring form and is a glycosylated monomeric protein. The biological function of sVEGFR-1 seems to be an endogenous regulator of angiogenesis, binding VEGF with the same affinity as the full-length receptor. VEGFR-1 is a tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB and PGF, and plays an essential role in the development of embryonic vasculature, the regulation of angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, macrophage function, chemotaxis and cancer cell invasion. It may play an essential role as a negative regulator of embryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting excessive proliferation of endothelial cells. It can promote endothelial cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in adulthood. Its function in promoting cell proliferation seems to be cell-type specific. Promotes PGF-mediated proliferation of endothelial cells, proliferation of some types of cancer cells, but does not promote proliferation of normal fibroblasts (in vitro). It has a very high affinity for VEGFA and relatively low protein kinase activity. It may function as a negative regulator of VEGFA signaling by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and preventing its binding to KDR. Modulates KDR signaling by forming heterodimers with KDR. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of phospholipase C-gamma (PLCG) leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol kinase and the downstream signaling pathway. Mediates activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Phosphorylates SRC and YES1 and may also phosphorylate CBL.

Catalog Number: (102978-570)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Bim belongs to the Bcl-2 protein family. Bcl-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein contains a Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3). It has been shown to interact with other members of the Bcl-2 protein family (BCL2, BCL2L1/BCL-X(L) and MCL1) and to act as an apoptotic activator, inducing apoptosis and anoikis. Several variants have been identified. The isoforms vary in cytotoxicity with isoform BimS being the most potent and isoform BimEL being the least potent.

Catalog Number: (102978-662)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: The anti-IgG (mouse), pAb (R-PE) is cross-absorbed against mouse IgM and IgA, pooled human sera and purified human paraproteins and affinity-purified on pooled mouse IgG covalently linked to agarose.

Catalog Number: (102979-964)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: LYVE-1 has been identified as a major receptor for HA (extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan) on the lymph vessel wall. Like CD44, the LYVE-1 molecule binds both soluble and immobilized HA. However, unlike CD44, the LYVE-1 molecule co-localizes with HA on the luminal face of the lymph vessel wall and is completely absent from blood vessels. Hence, LYVE-1 is the first lymph-specific HA receptor to be characterized and is a uniquely powerful marker for lymph vessels themselves.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Irisin is a recently described exercise and PGC1-alpha-induced myokine secreted by skeletal muscle in mice and humans. Irisin has been shown to induce browning of white adipose tissue, but this role has been questioned and a new function in the control of mass and strength of cortical bone has been reported. The membrane fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) can be cleaved by an unknown protease to release the Irisin protein (aa 32-143 for human) and potentially also the FNDC5 (extracellular domain, aa 32-153 for human).

Catalog Number: (102978-642)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are closely related secreted ligands which bind with similar affinity to Tie-2. Tie-2 and angiopoietins have been shown to play critical roles in embryogenic angiogenesis and in maintaining the integrity of the adult vasculature. Ang-1 activates Tie-2 signaling on endothelial cells to promote chemotaxis, cell survival, cell sprouting, vessel growth and stabilization. Ang-2 has been identified as a secreted protein ligand of Tie-2 and has alternatively been reported to be an antagonist for Ang-1 induced Tie-2 signaling as well as an agonist for Tie-2 signaling, depending on the cell context. anti-Angiopoietin-2, mAb (rec.) (blocking) (Angy-2-1) is an antibody developed by antibody phage display technology using a human naive antibody gene library. These libraries consist of scFv (single chain fragment variable) composed of VH (variable domain of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain) and VL (variable domain of the human immunoglobulin light chain) connected by a polypeptide linker. The antibody fragments are displayed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage (M13). This scFv was selected by affinity selection on antigen in a process termed panning. Multiple rounds of panning are performed to enrich for antigen-specific scFv-phage. Monoclonal antibodies are subsequently identified by screening after each round of selection. The selected monoclonal scFv is cloned into an appropriate vector containing a Fc portion of interest and then produced in mammalian cells to generate an IgG like scFv-Fc fusion protein.

Catalog Number: (102980-380)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized after DNA damage is only present transiently and is rapidly degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. PARG hydrolyzes poly(ADP-ribose) at glycosidic (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Soluble, stable and more potent angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) variant.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Meteorin-like (cometin; subfatin) is a potent new neurotrophic factor promoting neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion cells. Meteorin-like is also a novel adipokine expressed by adipose tissue being downregulated upon caloric restriction. Meteorin-like is secreted by muscles during exercise and converts white adipose cells into brown fat tissue.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a costimulatory factor for production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to toxic shock and shares functional similarities with IL-12. IL-18 is synthesized as a precursor 24kDa molecule without a signal peptide and must be cleaved to produce an active molecule. IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE; Caspase-1) cleaves pro-IL-18 at aspartic acid in the P1 position, producing the mature, bioactive peptide that is readily released from the cells. It is reported that IL-18 is produced from Kupffer cells, activated macrophages, keratinocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, osteoblasts, adrenal cortex cells and murine diencephalon. IFN-gamma is produced by activated T or NK cells and plays critical roles in the defense against microbiral pathogens. IFN-gamma activates macrophages and enhances NK activity and B cell maturation, proliferation and Ig secretion. IFN-gamma also induces expression of MHC class I and II antigens and inhibits osteoclast activation. IL-18 acts on T helper type-1 (Th1) T cells and in combination with IL-12 strongly induces them to produce IFN-gamma. Pleiotropic effects of IL-18 have also been reported, such as enhancement production of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, production of Th1 cytokines, IL-2, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma in T cells and enhancement of Fas ligand expression by Th1 cells.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Activation of cells by LPS is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the highly conserved protein family of TLRs, which are specialised in the recognition of microbial components. In mice, defects in TLR4 result in LPS unresponsiveness. For optimal interaction with LPS, TLR4 requires association with myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2). According to current consensus activation of TLR4 is preceded by the transfer of LPS to membrane-bound (m) or soluble (s) CD14 by LPS-binding protein (LBP). This mechanism is believed to be generally true for LPS signaling. Re-form LPS and lipid A, but not S-form LPS, are capable of inducing TNF-alpha responses also in the absence of CD14. LPS, synthesized by most wild-type (WT) Gram-negative bacteria (S-form LPS), consists of three regions, the O-polysaccharide chain, which is made up of repeating oligosaccharide units, the core oligosaccharide and the lipid A, which harbors the endotoxic activity of the entire molecule. R-form LPS synthesized by the so-called rough (R) mutants of Gram-negative bacteria lacks the O-specific chain. Furthermore, the core-oligosaccharide may be present in different degrees of completion, depending on the class (Ra to Re) to which the mutant belongs. Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA) represents a detoxified derivative of Lipid A and constitutes an important adjuvant in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF 165) is produced as a homodimer. It binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. VEGF 165 is a specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells and a strong angiogenic factor in vivo. In addition to its action as a mitogen it is a potent vascular permeability factor (VPF) in vivo. It is also a chemoattractant molecule for monocytes and endothelial cells. It induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Roscovitine-related purine with no activity on CDKs (used as control for roscovitine). Selectively and potently increases production of extracellular Abeta42 and decreases production of extracellular Abeta38 in cultured cells. Extracellular Abeta40 levels remain stable. Intracellular levels of these amyloids appear to remain stable. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) accelerator that interacts with VDAC1, prohibitin and mitofilin, possibly interfering with subcellular compartmentalization and lipid rafts properties, shifting gamma-secretase activity toward Abeta42 generation. Induces a reversible mitochondrial phenotype reminiscent of the one observed in AD brains. Tool to detect inhibitors of Aftin-induced actions (potential anti-AD compounds).

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Selective N- and P/Q-type Ca2+-channel agonist. These Ca2+-channels regulate transmitter release in synapses. Potential lead compound for a variety of disorders that result in neuromuscular weakness.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Unmethylated CG dinucleotides within particular sequence contexts are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) that contain such CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) mimic microbial DNA. The innate immune system of vertebrates has the ability to recognize CpG motifs in microbial DNA via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 if the CpG ODN were free of additional immune stimulatory contaminants often present in synthetic commercial CpG ODN preparations designed for molecular biology applications (i.e. PCR). Given that high quality CpG ODNs were used, a close link has been established between the expression of TLR9 on certain immune cell subsets and the modulation of the immune system by CpG DNA. Different types of CpG ODNs were identified based on their differing biological effects on different cell types: ODN Type A is a potent inducer of IFN-alpha in human PDC, (i.e. ODN 1585 or 2216) leading to antigen presenting cell (APC) maturation, whereas ODN Type B (i.e. ODN 2006 or ODN 1668 / ODN 1826) is a weak inducer of IFN-alpha but rather stimulates IL-8 production and increasing costimulatory and Ag-presenting molecules and triggers proliferation of B-cells and IgM and IL-6 production. A third type of CpG ODN has been identified, termed ODN Type C, with both high induction of INF-alpha in PDC and activation of B-cells. The sequence of CpG Type C (also called K) (i.e. ODN 2395 or M362) combines elements of both Type A and Type B and contains a central palindromic sequence with CG dinucleotides, a characteristic feature of Type A, and a TCGTCG motif at the 5' end, present in Type B CpG ODNs. Although the CpG motifs are thought to differ between mice and humans, in both species the recognition of CpG ODNs is mediated by TLR9. The optimal CpG motif in humans is GTCGTT and GACGTT for the murine sequence. However, recent evidence suggests that this sequence specificity is restricted to phosphorothioate (PS)-modified ODN and is not observed when a natural phosphodiester backbone is used. In recent years sequence requirements, specificity, signaling pathways and kinetics of the TLR9 suppression by inhibitory ODNs (iODNs) have been investigated.