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Description: The IGFs are mitogenic polypeptide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation and survival of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue in vitro. IGFs are predominantly produced by the liver, although a variety of tissues produce the IGFs at distinctive times. The IGFs belong to the Insulin gene family, which also contains insulin and relaxin. The IGFs are similar by structure and function to insulin, but have a much higher growth-promoting activity than insulin. IGF-II expression is influenced by placenta lactogen, while IGF-I expression is regulated by growth hormone. Both IGF-I and IGF-II signal through the tyrosine kinase type I receptor (IGF-IR), but, IGF-II can also signal through the IGF-II/Mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Mature IGFs are generated by proteolytic processing of inactive precursor proteins, which contain N-terminal and C-terminal propeptide regions. Recombinant human IGF-I and IGF-II are globular proteins containing 70 and 67 amino acids, respectively, and 3 intra-molecular disulfide bonds.
Catalog Number: 10073-080
Supplier: Prosci


Description: BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) belongs to a family of structurally similar peptide hormones, which includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), BNP, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and urodilatin. ANP and BNP act mainly as cardiac hormones, produced primarily by the atrium and ventricle, respectively, while the gene encoding C-type natriuretic peptide is expressed mainly in the brain. BNP circulates in blood as a peptide hormone with natriuretic, vasodilatory and renin inhibitory properties. It is secreted predominantly by the left ventricular myocytes in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. These peptides are characterized by a common 17 amino acid ring structure with a disulfide bond between two cystein residues. This ring structure shows high homology between different natriuretic.
Catalog Number: 10073-190
Supplier: Prosci


Description: Proteins of this family play an important role in inducing non-specific resistance against a broad range of viral infections. They also affect cell proliferation and modulate immune responses. Produced by peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphoblastoid cells, IFN-α is an acid-stable molecule that signals through IFN-α/βR, which is also used by IFN-β. Both IFNs have similar anti-viral activity and regulate expression of MHC class I antigens. IFN-α contains four highly conserved cysteine residues that form two disulfide bonds, one of which is necessary for biological activity. PeproTech’s Recombinant Human IFN-β is a 20.0 kDa protein containing 166 amino acid residues. Due to glycosylation, IFN-β has an approximate MW of 22.3 kDa based on SDS-PAGE gel and Mass Spectrometry.
Catalog Number: 10773-492
Supplier: Peprotech

Description: beta -Defensin 4A is a membrane-active cationic peptide that functions in inflammation and innate immune responses. There are at least 30 beta -Defensins, which are distinguished from alpha-Defensins by the connectivity pattern of their three intermolecular disulfide bonds. Members of the Defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. This gene encodes Defensin, DEFB4;, which has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and may play an important role in innate epithelial defense. They are highly expressed in skin and tonsils, and to a lesser extent in trachea, uterus, kidney, thymus, adenoid, pharynx and tongue. beta -Defensin 4A has low expression in salivary gland, bone marrow, colon, stomach, polyp and larynx. No expression in small intestine. The 45 amino acid mature human BD3 shares 38% and 33% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat BD3, respectively.
Catalog Number: 75788-936
Supplier: Prosci


Description: The Recombinant Rat sTNF RII/TNFRSF1B Protein from R&D Systems is derived from NS0. The Recombinant Rat sTNF RII/TNFRSF1B Protein has been validated for the following applications: Bioactivity.
Catalog Number: 102869-466
Supplier: R&D Systems


Description: The conjugation and modification reactions used to cross-link proteins or couple labels to proteins, such as biotin, enzymes, and fluorescent dyes, require certain conditions, including pH and chemical composition, for optimal conjugation
Catalog Number: CA82022-954
Supplier: G-Biosciences


Description: The Recombinant Cynomolgus Monkey TIM-3 Fc Chimera Protein from R&D Systems is derived from HEK293. The Recombinant Cynomolgus Monkey TIM-3 Fc Chimera Protein has been validated for the following applications: Bioactivity.
Catalog Number: 102869-152
Supplier: R&D Systems


Description: This antibody is predicted to react with non-human primate and rat based on sequence homology. Also known as ATP:3-phosphoglycerate 1-phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.2.3), this major enzyme in glycolysis catalyzes the reversible conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, generating one molecule of ATP. New blood vessel formation or angiogenesis is critical for tumor expansion and metastasis. Lay et al. (2000) showed that the plasmin reductase isolated from conditioned medium of fibrosarcoma cells is the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase. They concluded that phosphoglycerate kinase not only functions in glycolysis but is secreted by tumor cells and participates in the angiogenic process as a disulfide reductase.
Catalog Number: CAPIPA5-13863
Supplier: Thermo Scientific


Description: Guanylin and uroguanylin are structurally related peptides which act on a transmembrane form of guanylate cyclase, termed GC-C. In mammals, they play pivotal roles in body fluid homeostasis. Less well defined additional members belonging to this family were identified in opposum and in eel.
Catalog Number: H-2996.0500BA
Supplier: Bachem Americas


Description: The VEGF-A monoclonal antibody clone # 16F1 (Product # M808) has successfully been paired as the coating antibody in a sandwich ELISA with detection antibody P802B (biotinylated conjugate of Product # P802). Typical dilutions for sandwich ELISA include 1µg/ml for coating and 0.125-0.5µg/ml for detection. The VEGF gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family and encodes a protein that is often found as a disulfide linked homodimer. This protein is a glycosylated mitogen that specifically acts on endothelial cells and has various effects, including mediating increased vascular permeability, inducing angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promoting cell migration, and inhibiting apoptosis.
Catalog Number: CAPIM808
Supplier: Thermo Scientific


Description: Mouse interleukin 13 (mIL-13) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated Th2 cells. IL-13 induces B cell proliferation and immunoglobin production. It contains a four helical bundle with two internal disulfide bonds. Mouse IL13 shares 58% sequence identity with human protein and exhibits cross-species activity. IL13 signals via receptor IL13R (type2, IL4R) and activates STAT-6. IL13 initially binds IL-13R alpha1 with low affinity and triggers association of IL4R alpha, generating a high affinity heterodimeric receptor IL13R and eliciting downstream signals. IL13 also binds IL-13R alpha2 with high affinity, which plays a role in a negative feedback system of IL13 signaling. IL13 is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.
Catalog Number: 75790-490
Supplier: Prosci


Description: Mouse interleukin 13 (mIL-13) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated Th2 cells. IL-13 induces B cell proliferation and immunoglobin production. It contains a four helical bundle with two internal disulfide bonds. Mouse IL13 shares 58% sequence identity with human protein and exhibits cross-species activity. IL13 signals via receptor IL13R (type2, IL4R) and activates STAT-6. IL13 initially binds IL-13R alpha1 with low affinity and triggers association of IL4R alpha, generating a high affinity heterodimeric receptor IL13R and eliciting downstream signals. IL13 also binds IL-13R alpha2 with high affinity, which plays a role in a negative feedback system of IL13 signaling. IL13 is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.
Catalog Number: 75791-070
Supplier: Prosci


Description: The amphibian skin is a rich source of antimicrobial peptides, please see the same-named product family Other amphibian peptides as bombesin, caerulein, deltorphin, dermorphin, pseudin, sauvagine, and xenin show considerable pharmacological activity.
Catalog Number: H-1558.0001BA
Supplier: Bachem Americas


Description: The three mammalian isoforms of TGF-β, TGF-β1, β2, β3, signal through the same receptor and elicit similar biological responses. They are multifunctional cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and motility as well as synthesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. They are involved in various physiological processes including embryogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing. They are secreted predominantly as latent complexes which are stored at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. The release of biologically active TGF-β isoform from a latent complex involves proteolytic processing of the complex and /or induction of conformational changes by proteins such as thrombospondin-1. TGF-β1 is the most abundant isoform secreted by almost every cell type. It was originally identified for its ability to induce phenotypic transformation of fibroblasts and recently it has been implicated in the formation of skin tumors. Human TGF-β1 is a 25.0 kDa protein with each subunit containing 112 amino acid residues, linked by a single disulfide bond.
Catalog Number: 10072-702
Supplier: Prosci


Description: BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) belongs to a family of structurally similar peptide hormones, which includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), BNP, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and urodilatin. ANP and BNP act mainly as cardiac hormones, produced primarily by the atrium and ventricle, respectively, while the gene encoding C-type natriuretic peptide is expressed mainly in the brain. BNP circulates in blood as a peptide hormone with natriuretic, vasodilatory and renin inhibitory properties. It is secreted predominantly by the left ventricular myocytes in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. These peptides are characterized by a common 17 amino acid ring structure with a disulfide bond between two cystein residues. This ring structure shows high homology between different natriuretic.
Catalog Number: 10073-188
Supplier: Prosci


Description: FUNCTION: Low affinity receptor which can bind to NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4. Can mediate cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with p75NTR-associated cell death executor. Interacts with TRAF2, TRAF4, TRAF6, PTPN13 and RANBP9. Interacts through TRAF6 with SQSTM1 which bridges NGFR to NTRK1. Interacts with BEX1 and NGFRAP1/BEX3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. DOMAIN: Death domain is responsible for interaction with RANBP9. PTM: N- and O-glycosylated. PTM: O-linked glycans consist of Gal(1-3)GalNAc core elongated by 1 or 2 NeuNAc. PTM: Phosphorylated on serine residues. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 death domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats.
Catalog Number: 10782-376
Supplier: Biosensis


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