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Human Recombinant Proline-Rich Acidic 1 (from Cells)

Catalog Number: (75790-128)
Supplier: Prosci
Description: Proline-rich acidic protein 1, also known as Uterine-specific proline-rich acidic protein, UPA and PRAP1, is a secreted protein. PRAP1 is abundantly expressed in the epithelial cells of the liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract and cervix. PRAP1 is up-regulated by butyrate, trichostatin A and 5'-aza-2' deoxycytidine. PRAP1 may play an important role in maintaining normal growth homeostasis in epithelial cells. PRAP1 is suppressed through epigenetic mechanisms involving histone deacetylation and methylation. PRAP1 has been shown to cause cell growth inhibition in cancer cell lines.
Product Image-10750-476

Anti-NDP Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Catalog Number: (10750-476)
Supplier: Prosci
Description: Norrin Antibody: Norrie disease is an X-linked genetic disorder characterized by progressive atrophy of the eyes, mental disturbances and deafness. The gene responsible for this disease was initially identified through positional cloning. Norrin, the gene product, encodes a small secreted, cysteine-rich protein that is thought to act as a ligand for the Wnt-receptor/beta-catenin signal pathway despite having sequence homology with the Wnt family of proteins. Mice lacking this gene have abnormal blood vessel growth in the vitreous and a disorganized retina; transgenic ectopic expression of Norrin restores normal retinal vasculature. Recent evidence shows that Norrin can attenuate tPA and uPA-mediated death of transformed rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and regulating the phosphorylation of LRP-1, a cell surface receptor for tPA and uPA, suggesting the Norrin may function in vivo by regulating kinases which may alter the phosphorylation of LRP-1.
Image Unavailable-89360-886

Anti-CAPN2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [clone: 1E8]

Catalog Number: (89360-886)
Supplier: Genetex
Description: Proteases influence intracellular signaling pathways and regulate cytoskeleton organization. It was previously described that novel autoantibodies to calpastatin (endogenous inhibitor for calpain) were detected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other disorders. Since calpain is thought to mediate inflammatory process and cartilage destruction a screening of anti-calpain antibodies in human patient sera is recommended.
Image Unavailable-10489-436

Anti-CNOT2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase))

Catalog Number: (10489-436)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: CNOT2 (CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 2) is a ubiquitous protein encoded by the human gene CNOT2. CNOT2 belongs to the CNOT2/3/5 family and is part of the CCR4-NOT complex. The CCR4-NOT complex is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-component complex known to be involved in transcription as well as mRNA degradation. Various subunits (e.g. CNOT1, CNOT2) are involved in influencing nuclear hormone receptor activities. The CCR4-NOT complex is also involved in the regulation of Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation through a ubiquitin-dependent pathway that likely involves the proteasome. Increased expression of the CNOT2 subunit acts to strongly repress transcription by RNA polymerase II. This repressive effect is mediated by a conserved NOT-Box, which is located at the C-terminus of CNOT2 proteins. Repression by the NOT-Box is sensitive to treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A.
Product Image-10393-212

Anti-IKBKE Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Catalog Number: (10393-212)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to viral infection, through the activation of the type I IFN, NF-kappa-B and STAT signaling. Also involved in TNFA and inflammatory cytokines, like Interleukin-1, signaling. Following activation of viral RNA sensors, such as RIG-I-like receptors, associates with DDX3X and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), IRF3 and IRF7, as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRF3 leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNB. In order to establish such an antiviral state, IKBKE forms several different complexes whose composition depends on the type of cell and cellular stimuli. Thus, several scaffolding molecules including IPS1/MAVS, TANK, AZI2/NAP1 or TBKBP1/SINTBAD can be recruited to the IKBKE-containing-complexes. Activated by polyubiquitination in response to TNFA and interleukin-1, regulates the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway through, at least, the phosphorylation of CYLD. Phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. In addition, is also required for the induction of a subset of ISGs which displays antiviral activity, may be through the phosphorylation of STAT1 at 'Ser-708'. Phosphorylation of STAT1 at 'Ser-708' seems also to promote the assembly and DNA binding of ISGF3 (STAT1:STAT2:IRF9) complexes compared to GAF (STAT1:STAT1) complexes, in this way regulating the balance between type I and type II IFN responses. Protects cells against DNA damage-induced cell death. Also plays an important role in energy balance regulation by sustaining a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation in obesity, wich leads to a negative impact on insulin sensitivity. Phosphorylates AKT1.
Product Image-10663-462

Anti-IKKi Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Catalog Number: (10663-462)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to viral infection, through the activation of the type I IFN, NF-kappa-B and STAT signaling. Also involved in TNFA and inflammatory cytokines, like Interleukin-1, signaling. Following activation of viral RNA sensors, such as RIG-I-like receptors, associates with DDX3X and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), IRF3 and IRF7, as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRF3 leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNB. In order to establish such an antiviral state, IKBKE forms several different complexes whose composition depends on the type of cell and cellular stimuli. Thus, several scaffolding molecules including IPS1/MAVS, TANK, AZI2/NAP1 or TBKBP1/SINTBAD can be recruited to the IKBKE-containing-complexes. Activated by polyubiquitination in response to TNFA and interleukin-1, regulates the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway through, at least, the phosphorylation of CYLD. Phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. In addition, is also required for the induction of a subset of ISGs which displays antiviral activity, may be through the phosphorylation of STAT1 at 'Ser-708'. Phosphorylation of STAT1 at 'Ser-708' seems also to promote the assembly and DNA binding of ISGF3 (STAT1:STAT2:IRF9) complexes compared to GAF (STAT1:STAT1) complexes, in this way regulating the balance between type I and type II IFN responses. Protects cells against DNA damage-induced cell death. Also plays an important role in energy balance regulation by sustaining a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation in obesity, wich leads to a negative impact on insulin sensitivity. Phosphorylates AKT1.
Image Unavailable-102981-408

Mega-iODN (inhibitory ODN) endotoxin-free, sterile

Catalog Number: (102981-408)
Supplier: Adipogen
Description: In recent years several groups have studied the sequence requirements, specificity, signaling pathways and kinetics of the TLR (Toll-like receptor) 9 suppression by inhibitory oligonucleotide motifs, which led to a class of novel inhibitory oligonucleotide (iODNs), that is independent of the previously thought species preference. Subsequently it has been discovered that telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGGG)n can block immune activation by CpG-ODNs. Short, 11-15 base long oligonucleotides were synthesized that were capable of potently inhibiting CpG-stimulation. The optimal inhibitory DNA motif consists of a pyrimidine-rich triplet, preferably CCT, which is positioned 5- to the GGG sequence in a singlestranded DNA molecule. Additionally, both the optimal spacing between the CCT and GGG motifs, as well as their relative order to each other, is of crucial importance for the inhibitory DNA action. Interestingly, although both TLR7/TLR8 ligands and bacterial DNA share the endosomal compartment for receptor binding and signal transduction, certain iODNs (G-type) suppress only TLR9-mediated activation, whereas prototype class I iODN may also interfere with the activation via the TLR7/TLR8 pathway. Recently, intriguing evidence has been presented that for some iODN classes the immuno-modulatory biological activity shows only limited sequence dependency or may not even involve TLR-mediated uptake and signaling pathways. For example iODNs of the class II are thought to act on immune activation through inhibition of STAT signaling and independent of TLR signaling via binding to a yet to be identified 'ODN-receptor'. Slightly modified phosphodiester versions of the most potent inhibitory ODNs were also able to profoundly block the immune activation of macrophages and just recently prove to be valuable tools for in vivo use in experimental animal models of inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Based upon these recent insights the following classification for iODNs has been suggested: Class I: G-stretch ODNs: TLR9-specific competitors, some iODNs may also affect TLR7 and TLR8 signalingClass II: ODNs with telomeric repeats: TLR-independent inhibitors of STAT signaling (cellular uptake via an 'ODN receptor'?)Class III: Inhibitors of DNA uptake in a sequence independent mannerClass IV: Long phosphorothioate ODNs as direct competitors of TLR9 signaling in a sequence independent manner
Image Unavailable-10489-428

Anti-CNOT2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Cy5®)

Catalog Number: (10489-428)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: CNOT2 (CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 2) is a ubiquitous protein encoded by the human gene CNOT2. CNOT2 belongs to the CNOT2/3/5 family and is part of the CCR4-NOT complex. The CCR4-NOT complex is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-component complex known to be involved in transcription as well as mRNA degradation. Various subunits (e.g. CNOT1, CNOT2) are involved in influencing nuclear hormone receptor activities. The CCR4-NOT complex is also involved in the regulation of Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation through a ubiquitin-dependent pathway that likely involves the proteasome. Increased expression of the CNOT2 subunit acts to strongly repress transcription by RNA polymerase II. This repressive effect is mediated by a conserved NOT-Box, which is located at the C-terminus of CNOT2 proteins. Repression by the NOT-Box is sensitive to treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A.
Image Unavailable-10393-230

Anti-IKBKE Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Cy7®)

Catalog Number: (10393-230)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to viral infection, through the activation of the type I IFN, NF-kappa-B and STAT signaling. Also involved in TNFA and inflammatory cytokines, like Interleukin-1, signaling. Following activation of viral RNA sensors, such as RIG-I-like receptors, associates with DDX3X and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), IRF3 and IRF7, as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRF3 leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNB. In order to establish such an antiviral state, IKBKE forms several different complexes whose composition depends on the type of cell and cellular stimuli. Thus, several scaffolding molecules including IPS1/MAVS, TANK, AZI2/NAP1 or TBKBP1/SINTBAD can be recruited to the IKBKE-containing-complexes. Activated by polyubiquitination in response to TNFA and interleukin-1, regulates the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway through, at least, the phosphorylation of CYLD. Phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. In addition, is also required for the induction of a subset of ISGs which displays antiviral activity, may be through the phosphorylation of STAT1 at 'Ser-708'. Phosphorylation of STAT1 at 'Ser-708' seems also to promote the assembly and DNA binding of ISGF3 (STAT1:STAT2:IRF9) complexes compared to GAF (STAT1:STAT1) complexes, in this way regulating the balance between type I and type II IFN responses. Protects cells against DNA damage-induced cell death. Also plays an important role in energy balance regulation by sustaining a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation in obesity, wich leads to a negative impact on insulin sensitivity. Phosphorylates AKT1.
Product Image-77100-338

OPTI-LYNX™ Universal Port Adapter (UPA)

Catalog Number: (77100-338)
Supplier: Optimize
Description: All OPTI-LYNX™ hardware can be purchased in kits or separately as needed for your application. OPTI-LYNX™ hardware is precision machined to maintain the highest quality and strictest tolerances.
Image Unavailable-102981-402

G-type iODN (inhibitory ODN) endotoxin-free, sterile

Supplier: Adipogen
Description: In recent years several groups have studied the sequence requirements, specificity, signaling pathways and kinetics of the TLR (Toll-like receptor) 9 suppression by inhibitory oligonucleotide motifs, which led to a class of novel inhibitory oligonucleotide (iODNs), that is independent of the previously thought species preference. Subsequently it has been discovered that telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGGG)n can block immune activation by CpG-ODNs. Short, 11-15 base long oligonucleotides were synthesized that were capable of potently inhibiting CpG-stimulation. The optimal inhibitory DNA motif consists of a pyrimidine-rich triplet, preferably CCT, which is positioned 5- to the GGG sequence in a singlestranded DNA molecule. Additionally, both the optimal spacing between the CCT and GGG motifs, as well as their relative order to each other, is of crucial importance for the inhibitory DNA action. Interestingly, although both TLR7/TLR8 ligands and bacterial DNA share the endosomal compartment for receptor binding and signal transduction, certain iODNs (G-type) suppress only TLR9-mediated activation, whereas prototype class I iODN may also interfere with the activation via the TLR7/TLR8 pathway. Recently, intriguing evidence has been presented that for some iODN classes the immuno-modulatory biological activity shows only limited sequence dependency or may not even involve TLR-mediated uptake and signaling pathways. For example iODNs of the class II are thought to act on immune activation through inhibition of STAT signaling and independent of TLR signaling via binding to a yet to be identified 'ODN-receptor'. Slightly modified phosphodiester versions of the most potent inhibitory ODNs were also able to profoundly block the immune activation of macrophages and just recently prove to be valuable tools for in vivo use in experimental animal models of inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Based upon these recent insights the following classification for iODNs has been suggested: Class I: G-stretch ODNs: TLR9-specific competitors, some iODNs may also affect TLR7 and TLR8 signalingClass II: ODNs with telomeric repeats: TLR-independent inhibitors of STAT signaling (cellular uptake via an 'ODN receptor'?)Class III: Inhibitors of DNA uptake in a sequence independent mannerClass IV: Long phosphorothioate ODNs as direct competitors of TLR9 signaling in a sequence independent manner

Image Unavailable-76077-598

Anti-IKBKE Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 680)

Catalog Number: (76077-598)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to viral infection, through the activation of the type I IFN, NF-kappa-B and STAT signaling. Also involved in TNFA and inflammatory cytokines, like Interleukin-1, signaling. Following activation of viral RNA sensors, such as RIG-I-like receptors, associates with DDX3X and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), IRF3 and IRF7, as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRF3 leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNB. In order to establish such an antiviral state, IKBKE forms several different complexes whose composition depends on the type of cell and cellular stimuli. Thus, several scaffolding molecules including IPS1/MAVS, TANK, AZI2/NAP1 or TBKBP1/SINTBAD can be recruited to the IKBKE-containing-complexes. Activated by polyubiquitination in response to TNFA and interleukin-1, regulates the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway through, at least, the phosphorylation of CYLD. Phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. In addition, is also required for the induction of a subset of ISGs which displays antiviral activity, may be through the phosphorylation of STAT1 at 'Ser-708'. Phosphorylation of STAT1 at 'Ser-708' seems also to promote the assembly and DNA binding of ISGF3 (STAT1:STAT2:IRF9) complexes compared to GAF (STAT1:STAT1) complexes, in this way regulating the balance between type I and type II IFN responses. Protects cells against DNA damage-induced cell death. Also plays an important role in energy balance regulation by sustaining a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation in obesity, wich leads to a negative impact on insulin sensitivity. Phosphorylates AKT1.
Image Unavailable-102981-394

iODN (Inhibitory ODN) (ttaggg)4 endotoxin-free, sterile

Supplier: Adipogen
Description: In recent years several groups have studied the sequence requirements, specificity, signaling pathways and kinetics of the TLR (Toll-like receptor) 9 suppression by inhibitory oligonucleotide motifs, which led to a class of novel inhibitory oligonucleotide (iODNs), that is independent of the previously thought species preference. Subsequently it has been discovered that telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGGG)n can block immune activation by CpG-ODNs. Short, 11-15 base long oligonucleotides were synthesized that were capable of potently inhibiting CpG-stimulation. The optimal inhibitory DNA motif consists of a pyrimidine-rich triplet, preferably CCT, which is positioned 5- to the GGG sequence in a singlestranded DNA molecule. Additionally, both the optimal spacing between the CCT and GGG motifs, as well as their relative order to each other, is of crucial importance for the inhibitory DNA action. Interestingly, although both TLR7/TLR8 ligands and bacterial DNA share the endosomal compartment for receptor binding and signal transduction, certain iODNs (G-type) suppress only TLR9-mediated activation, whereas prototype class I iODN may also interfere with the activation via the TLR7/TLR8 pathway. Recently, intriguing evidence has been presented that for some iODN classes the immuno-modulatory biological activity shows only limited sequence dependency or may not even involve TLR-mediated uptake and signaling pathways. For example iODNs of the class II are thought to act on immune activation through inhibition of STAT signaling and independent of TLR signaling via binding to a yet to be identified 'ODN-receptor'. Slightly modified phosphodiester versions of the most potent inhibitory ODNs were also able to profoundly block the immune activation of macrophages and just recently prove to be valuable tools for in vivo use in experimental animal models of inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Based upon these recent insights the following classification for iODNs has been suggested: Class I: G-stretch ODNs: TLR9-specific competitors, some iODNs may also affect TLR7 and TLR8 signalingClass II: ODNs with telomeric repeats: TLR-independent inhibitors of STAT signaling (cellular uptake via an 'ODN receptor'?)Class III: Inhibitors of DNA uptake in a sequence independent mannerClass IV: Long phosphorothioate ODNs as direct competitors of TLR9 signaling in a sequence independent manner

Image Unavailable-89360-252

Anti-CAPN2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [clone: 28F3]

Catalog Number: (89360-252)
Supplier: Genetex
Description: Mu Calpain, and m calpain, also known as Calpain 2, are intracellular, calcium dependent cysteine proteases. Mu calpain has a micromolar sensitivity (thus the mu) as compared to the millimolar calcium sensitivity of m calpain. Both Calpains 1 and 2 are composed of an 80 kD subunit and a 30 kD subunit. Whereas the 30 kDa subunit is shared by both enzymes, the larger catalytic subunits are different and exhibit the distinct Ca++ requirements that are suggested by their names. The calpains have papain like activity, thus the pain nomenclature. Both Calpain 1 and Calpain 2 are ubiquitously expressed, and are countered by the endogenous calpain inhibitor, calpastatin.Other calpain family members (calpain 94, ncl2, ncl3, etc) have more limited tissue distribution, and perhaps different functions. The calpain family members consist of a common small subunit (Calpain 4), and a large variable subunit. It is not clear that all calpains contain a small subunit. Domains in the large subunit include the amino terminal domain I, the proteinase domain II, domain III, and the EF hand domain IV. The calpains appear to serve multiple physiological roles, and ideas concerning the functions of these enzymes are in a state of rapid flux.
Image Unavailable-76110-572

Anti-CNOT2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 750)

Catalog Number: (76110-572)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: CNOT2 (CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 2) is a ubiquitous protein encoded by the human gene CNOT2. CNOT2 belongs to the CNOT2/3/5 family and is part of the CCR4-NOT complex. The CCR4-NOT complex is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-component complex known to be involved in transcription as well as mRNA degradation. Various subunits (e.g. CNOT1, CNOT2) are involved in influencing nuclear hormone receptor activities. The CCR4-NOT complex is also involved in the regulation of Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation through a ubiquitin-dependent pathway that likely involves the proteasome. Increased expression of the CNOT2 subunit acts to strongly repress transcription by RNA polymerase II. This repressive effect is mediated by a conserved NOT-Box, which is located at the C-terminus of CNOT2 proteins. Repression by the NOT-Box is sensitive to treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A.
Image Unavailable-76110-570

Anti-CNOT2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 680)

Catalog Number: (76110-570)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: CNOT2 (CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 2) is a ubiquitous protein encoded by the human gene CNOT2. CNOT2 belongs to the CNOT2/3/5 family and is part of the CCR4-NOT complex. The CCR4-NOT complex is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-component complex known to be involved in transcription as well as mRNA degradation. Various subunits (e.g. CNOT1, CNOT2) are involved in influencing nuclear hormone receptor activities. The CCR4-NOT complex is also involved in the regulation of Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation through a ubiquitin-dependent pathway that likely involves the proteasome. Increased expression of the CNOT2 subunit acts to strongly repress transcription by RNA polymerase II. This repressive effect is mediated by a conserved NOT-Box, which is located at the C-terminus of CNOT2 proteins. Repression by the NOT-Box is sensitive to treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A.
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